Gateway of Jain Dharma — जैन स्वाध्याय सामग्री

सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रम | Saanskrutik Kaarykram स्टडी मटेरियल | Study Material
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Gateway of Jain Dharma

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GATEWAY
OF
JAIN DHARMA

WRITER
DHARM CHAND SHASTRI

Srimati Gyanwanti Jain
W/o of
Shri Shanti Das Jain
Naroval Wale
&
Smt. Pramila Jain
W/o of
Sh. Devender Kumar Jain
Longbeach California (U.S.A.)
arranged the publication of
this book
on the auspicious occassion
of marriage of
their son
Vivek

Suri Acharya Dharam Sagarai Nameh

Gateway of Jain Dharma

Writer
Dharam Chand Shastri

His Blessings of

Acharya Bharat Sagar Ji

Learned Author of this book ‘Gateway of Jain Dharma’ Pt. Dharam Chand Shastri has really tried to fulfill the desire of mankind, which is striving for world peace. The president of Bharat Varshiya Anekant Vid- vat Parishad he edited and under took the publishing work of 75 religious books. He is dedicated to the ser- vice of mankind. He is always busy in spreading Jain Philosophy throughout the world. This holy book is the outcome of his sincere willingness to bring world peace and uplift the moral character of the man.

I always encourage him to serve mankind in all the possible ways. My blessings are with him and I hope the readers will be immensely benefited and will achieve mental peace and spiritual bliss with the goodwishes of welfare of each creacture.

Gateway of Jain Dharma

Blessing : Acharya Bharat Sagar Ji
Editor : Jaimala Jain
Foreword : Prof. Tikam Chand Jain
Publisher : Acharya Dharam Sruth Granth Mala
I.S.B.N. No. : 81-858354-72-5
Copies : 1,000
Year : 1996
Rs. : 20/-
For Next Edition : $5

Available at :
Jain Mandir
Gulab Vatika, Loni Road,
Distt. Gzb. (U.P.)
Ph. : 8166074, 05762-66074

Foreword

All creatures of the world wish to be happy and lead peaceful life. To make life happy, the man has made tremendous progress in scientific field and has accumulated wealth. But wealth can provide facility not peace of mind. In this age of material prosperity every body is thirsty of mental peace.

Peace can be achieved only by adhering to basic principles of religion i.e. Non-violence and Truth. Only religion can save the world from possible atomic dis- ster. Law of the land is some times in operative, specially in case of hidden crimes. The fear of Hell and temptation of Heaven play an important role in preventing the wrong doer and inspiring the good deeds.

Pt. Dharam Chand Ji Shastri has devoted his whole life for the service of mankind. He has not tempted to marry. He led saintly life and spread prin- ciples of Jain religion in almost all the countries of the world. He is strong preacher of vegetarianism. This most needed book is the outcome of his contineous study, dedication and eagerness to spread Jain religion throughout the world.

All the subject matter of this book is so arranged that even beginner can have basic knowledge about Jainism. This maust be considered as a good orgury because in a war worn world bankrupt of spritual values there is a ray of hope that the Indian thought of perennial nature may feed the spiritually starved world which is in search of genuisse idea serving as a solace and hope for the spiritually lanished humanity.

Leading the life according to routine mentioned in this Holy book, will certainly bring wrold peace and all can achieve Heavenly happyness in this world even.

Prof. Tikam Chand Jain
M-84, Naveen Shahdara,
Delhi-32 (India)
Phone No.: (off) 2280137

Acknowledgement

I am immensely gratified for the selfless financial contribution by Gyanvanti Jain w/o Shanti Das Jain of Narowa in preparing this book and publishing of the same by Premila Jain w/o Davendre Kumar Jain of longbeach california U.S.A. on the auspicious oc- casion of the marriage of their son Vivek.

Dharam Chand Shastri

Introduction

In the era of emotioned pollution and international hegemony, non-voilence and mutual acceptance. The only light house, provided the minimal for the survival of mankind. Jainism, a most scientific and natural thought can serv to provide ideality most craved for terrestrially. Through this humble book O venture to under take the same.

The book is a pure treatise Jain Philosophy, nevertheless provides numerous definitions and plain meanings to universally accepted terms like matter, Body, Soul, Time, space and movement. I also en- dearous to cover what is good and what is bad includ- ing the character qualities and virtues of a saint and of a house holder. As human being we have certain obligatious too.

Finally the book also convers the Jain Philosophy and its supreme Maha Mantre, various explanatious to God, Tirathankar, Arihant, Sidh, Acharya etc. I have also covered in brief the method and manner of wor- shipping (Pooja Vidhi) and paying obeisance to God and saints. The essential commandments for a Jain follower regarding his conduct, food and living are also mentioned.

The book may find its immerse and universal utility for those who wish to know more about Jainism and rear the feeling of becoming a desciple of Jain philosophy. The book can serve as a guide to the younger generation of Jain Sanaraks.

In the end I deem it my duty to thank Prof. Bhutt, Prof. TIKAM CHAND JAIN, Sh. Ram Chand Jain and Miss Jai Mala Jain without their help and guidance this book would not have been completed.

Part Ist

S. No. Name of Chapter Page No.

  1. Maha Mantra Namokara 1
  2. The Four Mangals 6
  3. Tirthankara 9
  4. Existing 20 Tirthankaras 17
  5. Devadarsana 18
  6. Anim (OM) 21

Part IInd

  1. Living Being 1
  2. Mobile beings (Trasa beings) 6
  3. Non living 8
  4. State of existence (Gati) 12
  5. Sense Organs 15
  6. Tortures (Kasaya) and Sin 18
  7. Sin (Papa) 20
  8. Main Qualities of the Pancha Paramesthi 22

Part IIIrd

  1. Requisities 1
  2. Non Violence 10
  3. Non Eatables (abhaksya) 12
  4. Limitations of Eatable Substances 14
  5. Meditation (Bhavana) 16

Part IVth

  1. 11 Stages of the house holder having partial vows (Nashshik follower) 1
  2. Addiction 5
  3. Mian qualities of a house holder (sravaka) 15
  4. 2-(Tattva) 23
  5. Three Gems 25
  6. Theory of Karma 28
  7. Influx of Karma 29
  8. Bondage of Karma 37
  9. Stoppage of Karma 38
  10. Shedding 40
  11. Liberatiobn 41
  12. The doctrine of Anekantavada 42
  13. Karma 45

Part Vth

  1. The Omniscient Vitaraga 1

  2. Lord Mahavira’s Adoration 2

  3. Complaint of a fish 4

  4. Eat not meat 5

  5. An Eulogy to the Lord 7

  6. Never kill the Beings 8

  7. Meal during Day Only 9

  8. As you sow, So shall you reap 10

  9. If 11

  10. Words of a mother bird 11

  11. Samavasarana 12

  12. Live and Let Live 13

  13. Maha Mantra Namokara 14

  14. Devotional Song 16

  15. A Happy Life or An Easy Sail 18

Lord Parshwanatha Stuti

(1)
Having bowed down to you,
With devotion my Lord, Parshwanatha!
I shall destroy the mountain of karma’s
Day and Night I do Lord!
Meditate upon you, Parshwanatha!
Give me place In thy Schedule O Lord!
Having bowed down to you,
With devotion my Lord, Parshwanatha!
I shall destroy the mountain of karma’s.

(2)
Thou art son of Ashwasena,
And the wonder child of wamanata,
Having left the kingdom,
Getting highest Wisdom, Parshwanatha!
Thou hath destroyed the mountain of karma’s!
Having bowed down to you,
With devotion my Lord, Parshwanatha!
I shall destroy the mountain of karma’s.

(3)
There came Devendra from Heaven,
And the yeksha Dhamendra from Bhavan,
Yekshi Padamavati Came there Cheerfully,

Singing O Lord!
They hath to destroy the mountain of karma’s
Having bowed down to you,
With devotion my Lord, Parshwanatha!
I shall destroy the mountain of karma’s.

(4)
I don’t want the bliss of Heaven, O Lord!
Protect Soon from this ignorance, O Lord!
Salutation’s to you, with devotion to be,
at thy mercy,
Shower samyagdarshan on me O Lord!
Having bowed down to you,
With devotion my Lord, Parshwanatha!
I shall destroy the mountain of karma’s.

(5)
Crores and crore times, I do salutations,
With physical, Vocal, mental perfections,
Bless me “Sugyan” O Lord!
As to arrive at you, Parshwanatha!
At the peak of the universe Moksha.
Having bowed down to you,
With devotion my Lord, Parshwanatha!
I shall destroy the mountain of karma’s.

PART - I

(4)

Singing O Lord!
They hath to destroy the mountain of karma’s
Having bowed down to you,
With devotion my Lord, Parshwanatha!
I shall destroy the mountain of Karma’s.

(5)

Crores and crore times, I do salutations,
With physical, Vocal, mental perfections,
Bless me “Sugyan” O Lord!
As to arrive at you, Parshwanatha!
At the peak of the universe Moksha.
Having bowed down to you,
With devotion my Lord, Parshwanatha!
I shall destroy the mountain of Karma’s.

PART - I

Maha Mantra Namokara

(A great reverence Mantra)

Q.1 Chant the Namokara mantra.
Ans. Namo Arhantanam
Namo Siddhanam
Namo Ayariyanam
Namo Uvajjhayanam
Namo Loe Savva Sahunam.
Q.2 What is the meaning of the Namokara mantra?
Ans. Salutations to all the Arhantas,( Ford founder)
Salutations to all the Siddhas.(Liberated=The Accomplished)
Salutations to all the Acharyas,(Pontiffs)
Salutations to all Upadhyay as,(Preceptors)
Salutation to all Digamber Jain Monks of the world.
Q.3 What do you know about the Namokara Mantra?
Ans. A mantra in which one salutes or pays regards to the five supreme souls (Pancha Paramestis) is called the Namokar Mantra.
Q.4 How many clauses (Pads) are there in the Namokara Mantra?

GATEWAY OF JAIN DHARMA

Part 1st

Ans. There are five clauses in the Namokara Mantra.

  1. Namo Arhantanam
  2. Namo Siddhanam
  3. Namo Ayariyanam
  4. Namo Uvajjhayanam
  5. Namo Loe Savva Sahunam
    Q.5 How many letters are there in the Namokara Mantra? (according to Devnagri script).
    Ans. There are 35 letters in the Namokara Mantra.

Namo Arhantanam
Namo Siddhanam
Namo Ayariyanam
Namo Uvajjhayanam
Namo Loe Savva Sahunam
7+5+7+7+9 = 35
Q.6 How many short vowels (matras) are there in the Namokara Mantra?
Ans. There are 58 short vowels (matras) in the Namokara Mantra according to Devnagri script.

GATEWAY OF JAIN DHARMA

Part 1st

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
N a m o a r a h a n t a n a m.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
N a m o S i d d h a n a m.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
N a m o a y a r i y a n a m.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
N a m o u v a j j h a y a n a m.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 13 14 15
N a m o l o e S a v v a S a h u n a m.
11+9+11+12+15 = 58
Q.7 What is the importance of this mantra?
Ans. Also pancha namoyaro,
Savva pavappanasano,
Mangalanam cha Savvesim,
Padhamam havai mangalam.
This mantra which (where in solutions is of fered to The Pancha Paramasthis), destroys all sorts of sins and is the foremost benediction (auspicious) amongst all the benedictions.
Q.8 Who is paramasthi (Supremely adored being)?
Ans. One who attains any of the highest ranks of purified or purifying souls is known as paramasthi.

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Q.9 What is the number of paramisthis ?

Ans. There are five paramisthis, namely

  1. Arhanta, 2. Siddha, 3. Acharya, 4. Upadhyaya, 5. Sadhu (saint).

Q.10 Who is an Arhant paramisthi ?

Ans. An Arhant paramisthi is one whose four destructive (ghatiya)karmas have been destroyed (dissociated). He is devoid of attachment and is the omniscient. But he has a corporeal soul.

Q.11 Who is a Siddha paramisthi ?

Ans. One who has no concern with the birth and the death and is away from the eight karmas is known as a Siddha paramisthi. Siddha has an incorporeal soul.

Q.12 Where does a Siddha paramisthi dwell ?

Ans. A Siddha paramisthi lives in the uppermost part of this universe known as siddhasila.

Q.13 Who is an Acharya paramisthi ?

Ans. An Acharya paramisthi is one who himself follows the rules of code and conduct and makes others follow the same. Besides, he imparts education of conduct and preaches the disciples and the followers.

Q.14 Who is an Upadhyay paramisthi ?

Ans. An Upadhyaya paramisthi is one who (is both a reader and a teacher) reads himself and teaches his disciples. Besides he himself follows the rules of code and conduct.

Q.15 Who is a saint (sadhu) paramisthi ?

Ans. One who is dispossessed of all the things, who has abandoned or forsaken all the five misdeeds (i.e violence, lie, stealing, non chastity and holdings) who is away from violence committed at the time of cooking(Arambha) & who is concentrated in knowledge, meditation & penance is known as saint(sadhu) paramisthi.

THE FOUR MANGALS

Q1. Chant the Mangala clauses.

Ans. Chattari Man galam,
Arahanta Man galam,
Siddha Man galam,
Sahu Man galam,
Kevalipannatto Dhammo Mangalam.

Q2. Chant the Loguttama Clause.

Ans. Chattari Loguttamā,
Arahanta Loguttamā,
Siddha Loguttamā,
Sahu Loguttamā,
Kevalipannatto Dhammo Loguttamo.

Q3. Chant the Saranam clause.

Ans. Chattari Saranam Pavvajjāmi,
Arahante Saranam Pavvajjāmi,
Siddhe Saranam Pavvajjāmi,
Sahu Saranam Pavvajjāmi,
Kevalipannattam Dhammam Saranam Pavvajjāmi.

Q4. How many benefactors (mangalas) are there in this world ?

Ans. There are four benefactors in this world.

Q5. What are these ?

Ans. These are - 1. Arahanta 2. Siddha 3. Digambera monk (saint) 4. Kevali pranit dharma. (The religion propounded by the Omniscient).

Q6. How many supreme entities are there in the world ? Who are these ?

Ans. There are four supreme entities

  1. Arhanta 2 Siddha 3. Sadhu (Digamber monk) and 4. The religion propounded by the Omniscient.

Q.7 How many Saranas (Shelters) are there in the world and what are these ?

Ans. There are four shelters in the world namely :

  1. Arhanta 2. Siddha 3. (Digamber monk) and 4. The religion propounded by the Omniscient.

Q8. Are parents not shelter ?

Ans. No, Neither parents nor the family is a shelter or refuge. All are related to one another with a feeling of selfishness.

Q9. Which of the paramisthis are known as Sadhu (the saint) ?

Ans. The pontiff, the preceptor and the monk are known as Sadhu (the saint).

The Āchārya, the upadhyaya and the Sadhu (all digamber monks).

Tirthankara

Q1. Who is a tirthankara ?

Ans. One who runs a tirth (pilgrimage), preaches others and passes through fivefold auspicious occasions of life (panchakalyanaka) is called a tirthankara.

Q2. Who is God ?

Ans. All those, who are Omniscient, and Omnipotent but without any malice and free from attachment are known as Gods.

Q3. State the number of tirthankars ?

Ans. There are 24 tirthankaras.

Q4. State the names and emblem of the tirthankaras of the present time.

Ans.

Names Emblem
1. Sri Risabha Natha ji Bull/Ox
(Adinatha)
2. Sri Ajita Natha ji Elephant
3. Sri Sambhava Natha ji Horse
4. Sri Abhinandana Natha ji Monkey
5. Sri Sumati Natha ji Ruddy goose/ostrich
6. Sri Padmaprabhji Lotus
7. Sri Suparswa Natha ji Fyllot

Q5. Why do the tirthankara’s have emblems ?

Ans. Emblem is the tirthankara’s mark of identification.

Q6. Name the places of birth of the 24 tirthankaras.

Ans.

Name of the tirthankar Birth City
1. Sri Adinatha ji Ayodhya
2. Sri Ajita Natha ji Ayodhya
3. Sri Sambhava Natha ji Sravasti
4. Sri Abhinandana Natha ji Ayodhya
5. Sri Sumati Natha ji Ayodhya
6. Sri Padmaprabha ji Kausambi
7. Sri Suparswa Natha ji Banarasa
8. Sri Candaraprabha ji Chandra Puri
9. Sri Puspadanta ji Kakandi
10. Sri Seetala Natha ji Bhaddala Pura
11. Sri Sreyansa Natha ji Singha Puri
12. Sri Vasupujya ji Campa Puri
13. Sri Vimala Natha ji Kampila
14. Sri Ananta Natha ji Ayodhya
15. Sri Dharma Natha ji Ratna Puri
16. Sri Santi Natha ji Hastina Pura
17. Sri Kunthu Natha ji Hastina Pura
18. Sri Araha Natha ji Hastina Pura
19. Sri Malli Natha ji Mithila (Nepal)
20. Sri Munisuvrata ji Rajgrihi
21. Sri Nami Natha ji Mithila (Nepal)
22. Sri Nemi Natha ji Sauria Pura
23. Sri Parswa Natha ji Banarasa or Varanasi
24. Sri Mahavira ji KundalaPura

Q7. Where did the 24 tirthankara get salvation from ?

Ans.

Name Place
1. Sri Adi Natha ji Kailas Mountain
2. Sri Vasupujya ji Champa Puri
3. Sri Nemi Natha ji Gimara Mountain
4. Sri Mahavir Ji Pava Puri
and the rest 20 tirthankara Gods attained liberation from the SammedSikhar Siddh Ksetra (also named as Parasanatha Hill)

Q8. Amongst the 24 tirthankaras, how many are there having more than one name ? Who are they ?

Ans. They are these -

  1. Adinatha ji 2. Puspadanta ji 3. Mahavira ji

Q9. How many names do Adinathaji and Puspadanta ji respectively have ? and what are these ?

Ans. Adinathji has two names -

  1. Adinathaji 2. Rsabhanatha ji
    Puspadanta ji also has two names -
  2. Puspadanta ji 2. Suvidhinatha ji

Q10. How many names does Mahavira ji have and what are these ?

Ans. Lord Mahavira has five names e.g.

  1. Vira 2. Ativira 3. Sanmati 4. Vardhamana 5.Mahavira.

Q11. What are the colours of the bodies of the 24 tirthankaras ?

Ans. The colour of Chandaprabha ji and Puspadanta ji is white.
The colour of Munisuvrata ji and Neminatha ji is black.
The colour of Padmaprabha ji and Vasupujya ji is red.
The colour of Suparswanatha ji and Parswanatha ji is green.
The colour of the rest sixteen tirthankaras is yellow alike that of the heated gold.

Q12. Whose spiritual reign is going on now a days ?

Ans. Now a days the spiritual reign of Lord Mahavira, the 24th tirthankara is going on.

Q13. State the number and names of the (Pancha balayati) tirthankaras who were bachelors since their childhood ?

Ans. 1. Vasupujyaji 2. Mallinatha ji
3. Neminatha ji 4. Parswanatha ji
5. Mahavira ji

Q14. State the numbers and the names of the tirthankaras holding three titles (portfolios) altogether.

Ans. Sri Santinatha, Sri Kunthunatha and Sri Arahanatha ji were the three tirthankaras who held three titles namely the tirthankara, the universal monarch and the cupid.

Q15. Who were the 24 tirthankaras of the olden/primitive times ?

Ans. Names of the 24 tirthankaras of olden times.

  1. Sri Nirvana Ji
  2. Sri Sagara Ji
  3. Sri Sridhara Ji
  4. Sri Vimala Prabha Ji
  5. Sri Mahasadhu Ji
  6. Sri Sudatta Ji
  7. Sri Amalaprabha Ji
  8. Sri Uddhara Ji
  9. Sri Angira Ji
  10. Sri Sanmati Ji
  11. Sri Sindhu Ji
  12. Sri Kusumanjali Ji
  13. Sri Shivagana Ji
  14. Sri Utsaha Ji
  15. Sri Gyaneswara Ji
  16. Sri Parmeswara Ji
  17. Sri Vimaleswara Ji
  18. Sri Yogeswara Ji
  19. Sri Krisnamati Ji
  20. Sri Gyanmati Ji
  21. Sri Suddhamati Ji
  22. Sri Bhadra Ji
  23. Sri Atikranta Ji
  24. Sri Santa Ji

Q16. Name 24 tirthankaras of the future times ?

Ans.

  1. Sri Mahapadma ji
  2. Sri Suradeva ji
  3. Sri Suparswa Ji
  4. Sri Swayamprabha Ji
  5. Sri Sarwatmabhuta Ji
  6. Sri Devaputra Ji
  7. Sri Kulaputra Ji
  8. Sri Udanka Ji
  9. Sri Prostila Ji
  10. Sri Jaikrti Ji
  11. Sri Munisuvrata Ji
  12. Sri Araji (Amam)
  13. Sri Nispapa Ji
  14. Sri Niskasaya Ji
  15. Sri Vipula Ji
  16. Sri Nirmala Ji
  17. Sri Chitragupta Ji
  18. Sri Samadhigupta Ji
  19. Sri Swayambhu Ji
  20. Sri Anivrtta Ji
  21. Sri Jai Ji
  22. Sri Vimala Ji
  23. Sri Devpala Ji
  24. Sri Anantavirya Ji

Q17. Can we also become tirthankara ?

Ans. Of course we also can become tirthankara.

Q18. State the name, place, and the period where the 24 tirthankaras got salvation from.

Ans. The twenty four tirthankaras attained salvation from the Bharata region in the fourth period.

Q19. Was Sri Ramachandraji an Arahanta tirthankara ?

Ans. No, He wasn’t. He was only Arahanta and at present he is an accomplished.

Q20. Who can become a tirthankara ?

GATEWAY OF JAIN DHARMA Part Ist

Ans. One who practises sixteen observances at the holy feet of the omniscient or the sruta omnis- cient can become a tirthankara.

Q21. Where are their souls now ?

Ans. Now a days they are in Siddhasila. (the upper part of the world)

Q22. When and how do the emblems of the tir- thankaras get fame ?

Ans. When a tirthankara is born, the Indra with his queen consort escorted by his retinue & several other celestial beings comes to the parents of the tirthankara child to take him to mountain Meru for the sprinkling ceremony on the eve of his birth. The queen consort of Indra hands the tirthankara child over to Indra. Meanwhile the Indra finds a certain mark at the sole of the tirthankara child, and adopts it for his own flag, as his emblem. Eventually the same becomes a distinctive sign for the respective tirthankara.

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Existing 20 Tirthankaras

Existing tirthankaras are found in Videha region. They have a fixed number of twenty only.

Q1. Name the twenty existing tirthankaras.

Ans.

  1. Sri Simandhara Ji
  2. Sri Yugamandhara Ji
  3. Sri Bahu Ji
  4. Sri Subahu Ji
  5. Sri Sanjat Ji
  6. Sri Swayamprabha Ji
  7. Sri Rsabhanatha Ji
  8. Sri Anantavirya Ji
  9. Sri Suraprabha Ji
  10. Sri Visalakirti Ji
  11. Sri Vajradhara Ji
  12. Sri Chandranana Ji
  13. Sri Bhadra Bahu Ji
  14. Sri Bhujangama Ji
  15. Sri Iswara Ji
  16. Sri Nemiprabha Ji
  17. Sri Virsen Ji
  18. Sri Mahabhadra Ji
  19. Sri Devayasa Ji
  20. Sri Ajitavirya Ji

Q2. Into how many Islands is the Videha region extended ?

Ans. Videha region is extended upto two and half is- lands.

Q3. State the number and the places of Videha region.
or
How many Videha regions are there and where are they ?

GATEWAY OF JAIN DHARMA Part Ist

Ans. There are five Videha regions. They are; one in the Jambu island, two in the Dhatakikhanda is- land and two in the Puskarardha island.

Q4. How many tirthankaras are there in one Videha region ?

Ans. There are four tirthankaras in one Videha region. Thus there are twenty tirthankaras in all the five regions.

Q5. Where does the Videha region fall in Jambu Island ? Whether aside or in the centre ?

Ans. It falls in the centre of the Jambu island.

Devadarsana

( Method of adoring God )

Q1. What should we do after getting up every morning ?

Ans. After getting up every morning one must recite the Namokara mantra. Thereafter joining both the hands one must remember the 24 tir- thankaras on the 24 fingerknots. Pancha paramesthi divine beings should also be con- templated.

Q2. What is our everyday duty ?

Ans. One ought to salute one’s reverend people e.g parents, brothers and sisters etc. Then one

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GATEWAY OF JAIN DHARMA Part Ist

should prepare himself or herself to go to the temple for Devadarsana. So that he/she, could have the impulse of being alike the deva or the Supreme being (Arhanta Deva).

Q3. What is the method of devadarsana (Visiting the God) ?

Ans. Every morning being free from the daily routine ablutions putting clean clothes on, taking rice (Aksata) one of the offering things and other best things one should go to the temple. On his/her way he/she should take every step carefully looking at all the living beings, insects etc; and observe silence. Withal one ought to repeat the Namokara mantra silently.

Before entering the temple one should wash ones hands and feet with clean water. Then toll the bell saying Om Jai ( hail the lord ) three times. Thereafter one should enter the temple and say Om Jai, Jai, Jai, Nissahi, Nissahi, Nis- sahi followed by Om namah siddhebhyah (salutation to the siddhas), Om Jai, Jai, Jai Namostu, namostu, namostu (hail the fivefold paramesthis) and the Namokara mantra, the mangala clauses, the names of the tirthankaras etc, then if possible one should sprinkle water upon the idol of Lord Jinendra and (perform puja) do worship with the offering material.

Thereafter one should take three rounds of the temple citing the Namokara mantra or any of

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GATEWAY OF JAIN DHARMA Part Ist

the eulogies. These three rounds however should be taken with a view to abolish birth, oldage and death and to gain right faith, right knowledge and right conduct. Then we ought to pay obeisance (comprising five organs of the body) to the omniscient Lord Jinendra deva.

After adoration one should read religious book and think over or meditate over self ap- pearance, just recalling the image of God before oneself. Thereafter one should also con- template over the fact that he/she) may also become omniscient God, if treads on the very path shown by Lord Jinendra.

Eventually while going back home from the temple one ought to have the feeling of seeing the lord once again and say assahi three times.

Q4. Why should we go to temple ?

Ans. One should go to temple to have the knowledge of the self and get the filthy deeds and malice within oneself extincted.

so that one could create God like qualities within oneself by developing the attributes that already exist within him or her.

20

AUM ( OM )

It is epitomised and Combined into one word A3 Um expressive of fivefold Parmesthies as below.

A³ Um = 3a+U+m

  1. a = Arhant (the omniscient)
    Namo Arahantanam = I bow to the Arahants.
  2. a = Asariri (the Non-corporeal emancipated souls);
    Namo Siddhanam = I bow to the Siddhas.
  3. a = Acharya (the pontiff i.e, the head of saints)’
    Namo Ayariyanam = I bow to the pontiff
  4. U = Upadhyaya (the preceptor of the saints)
    Namo Uvajjhayanam = I bow to the Upad- hyayas.
  5. m = Munis Saints;
    Namo loe Savva Sahunam = I bow to all Digambera saints in the world.
    According to the Hindus the word AUm is com- posed of.
  6. a = Ananda or bliss.
  7. U or au = Aujas or power.
  8. ma = Supporter or Protector.
    Thus Om or AUm has a triple significance and it devotes the three fold attributes of Brahma;

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First he is all pervading, all protecting and all knowing.
Secondly he is Supremely excellent, high and wise and
Thirdly he is blissful, almighty and all supporting.
I’m which sounds almost as ‘Aum’ is the most significant name of God. This name is common to Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism and Christianity.
From its perfect applicability definitive and comprehensive character the word ‘OM’ is undoubtedly the most emblamatic name of the Supreme being.

PART - II

Living being

Q1. Name the kinds of substances (dravyas) ?
Ans. There are two kinds of substances they are 1. Jiva (Living substance) 2. Ajiva (Non-living substance).

Q2. What is living substance?
Ans. One who can see perceive and understand is known as living substance as horse, ox, tree, bird and man etc.

Q3. What is non-living substance ?
Ans. One who does not have the quality of perceiving and comprehending is known as non-living substance.e.g. inkpot, pen, wax etc.

Q4. Who are you ? a living substance or a non-living substance ? Vindicate your answer.
Ans. I am a living substance. I know, see & feel that’s why I am a (animate) substance.

Q5. What are the kinds of living beings ?
Ans. There are two kinds of livings beings e.g.

  1. Transmigrating or worldly/Mundane
  2. Emancipated or librated (Mukta)

Q6. Who are the transmigrating souls ?

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Ans. Those who undergo the pangs of birth and death in the world are known as transmigrating creatures.

Q7. Who are emancipated creatures ?
Ans. Those who are indifferent to the joys and woes of life and death and those who don’t come back to this world again are called emancipated creatures. They abide by the topmost part of the universe.

Q8. What are the kinds of transmigrating creature ? Name these.
Ans. There are two kinds of transmigrating living beings.

  1. Immobile (Sthāwara)
  2. Mobile (Trasa)

Q9. What is an immobile living beings ?
Ans. An immobile being is one which has only one touch sense due to rise of Shawara physique making karma e.g. Earth, water, fire tree, snow & air etc.

Q10. What are the kinds of immobile beings ? Name these.
Ans. Immobile beings are of five kinds

  1. Earth bodied (Prthvikāyika)
  2. Water bodied (Jalakāyika)
  3. Fire bodied (Agnikāyika)

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  1. Air bodied (Vayukāyika)
  2. Vegetable bodied (Vanaspati kayika)

Q11. What are earth bodied beings ?
Ans. The beings having the earth as their body are called earth bodied. e.g. Earth growing inside the earth gold, silver, diamond, stone etc.

Q12. What are water bodied beings ?
Ans. The beings having water as their body are known as water bodied, e.g. water, dew drops, hails, snow etc.

Q13. What are fire bodied beings ?
Ans. The beings having fire as their body are called fire bodied. As fire and light etc.

Q14. What are air bodied beings ?
Ans. The beings having air as their body are known as air bodied, e. g. the air coming from the fan and the air of the atmosphere.

Q15. What are Vegetable bodied beings ?
Ans. The beings having vegetable only as their body are known as vegetable bodied e. g. fruits & vegetables.

Q16. What are the kinds of vegetable bodied beings ? Name these.
Ans. There are two kinds of vegetable bodied.

  1. Common (Sadharana)
  2. Individual souled vegetable (Pratyeka)

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Q17. What are common vegetables ?
Ans. Common vegetables are those that give rise to the common physique making karma (Sad-harana nama karma). Owing to the rise of Common physique making karma several one sensed vegetable beings adhere to (take in) one body only. The body of common vegetable bodied beings can not be (see beings easily) located by bare eyes. These creatures undergo the process of life and death about 18 times, at a time of each pulse beat. These beings are also known as Nigodiya.

Q18. What are individual souled vegetable ?
Ans. Individual souled vegetables beings are those, that give rise to the individual physique making karma. By the rise of which one beings holds one seperate vegetable body. Individual vegetable is but the green vegetable.

Q19. What are the kinds of individual souled vegetable ? Name them and give examples.
Ans. The individual souled vegetable is of two types.

  1. Host individual souled vegetable (sādharana sahita pratyeka) Radish, carrot, sweet patato, spinach leaves betel leaf, yam, arum calocasia etc. are the examples of the host individual souled vegetables.
  2. Non-host individual souled vegetable (sād-harana Rahita pratyeka) mango, lemon,

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orange, gourd, banana, melon, lady finger, fenugreek leaves etc.

Q20. Which one vegetable do the jain virtuous persons prefer ?
Ans. A jain virtuous person prefers non-host in-dividual souled vegetables.

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Part IInd

Mobile beings (Trasa beings)

Q1. What are mobile beings ?
Ans. Mobile beings who have two, three, four and five sense organs respectively due to rise of mobile physique making karma are called Mobile beings.

Q2. What are the kinds of mobile beings ?
Ans. Mobile beings are of four types - 1. Beings having two sense organs 2. Beings having three sense organs 3. Beings having four sense organs 4. Beings having five sense or-gans.

Q3. What are the factors of the mobile beings having five sense organs ?
Ans. 1. Rational beings (Saini)
2. Irrational beings (Asaini)

Q4. What is a rational creature ?
Ans. The five sensed being having a mind (reason-ing power) is called a rational being. These can be trained educationally. For Example hellish beings, celestial beings, human beings and ox and pigeon etc.

Q5. Who is an irrational beings ?
Ans. The five sensed being having no mind (reason-ing power) is called an irrational being These

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can’t be trained educationally. For example water-snakes, some frogs etc.

Q6. State the kinds of sub-human rational beings.
Ans. These are of three types e.g.

  1. Water inhabiting (jalachara)
  2. Earth inhabiting (Thalachara)
  3. Air flying (Nabhachara)

Q7. What are the water inhabiting beings ?
Ans. The beings that live in water are called water inhabiting beings e.g crocodile and fish etc. These animals can’t live outside the water for a long time.

Q8. What are the earth inhabiting beings ?
Ans. The beings that live on the land and can’t fly are called earth inhabiting beings e.g horse, elephant and lion etc.

Q9. What are the air flying beings ?
Ans. The beings that can fly in the sky are called air flying beings such as kite, crow etc.

Q10. Are we rational subhuman ? Why ? Why not?
Ans. No, we an’t. We are human beings. Hence ra-tional human. Rational subhuman are but the birds and the animals. We are not birds and animals, so we are not rational subhuman.

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Non-living

Q1. What do you know about non-living?
Ans. The substances which do not possess the quality of perceiving are known as non-living substances e.g. inkpot, pen, pencil, box etc.

Q2. Cite the catagories of non-living substance ?
Ans. Non-living can be catagorised as

  1. Matter 2. Medium of motion 3. medium of rest 4. space 5. time.

Q3. What is matter (Pudgala) ?
Ans. A thing which has the effect of aggregation of colour, taste, smell & touch is called matter (Pudgala).

Q4. What are the kinds of matter ?
Ans. Matter is of two kinds e.g. 1. atom (anu) 2. Molecule (skandha).

Q5. What is an atom ?
Ans. The smallest part of the matter is called atom.

Q6. What is moleculea (skandha) ?
Ans. The combination of two or more than two atoms is called molecules.

Q7. What is the medium of motion (dharma) substances ?

Ans. That which helps the matter and the beings in their activity while in action, is called the medium of motion. e.g water helps a fish in its motion or activity. This medium of motion is known as formless substance, it does not motivate to act. But the fact that if the creature and the matter can not act with the medium of motion, they can’t be neglected either.

Q8. What is the medium of rest (adharma) sub-stance ?
Ans. That which helps the matter and the creatures in their rest while they repose is called the medium of rest. e.g. the pedestrian fatigued after a long walk takes rest under the shade of a tree. The medium of rest is a formless sub-stance, it does not motivate anybody to repose. But the fact that if the creature and the matter can not stay with the medium of rest, they can’t be neglected either.

Q9. What is space (Ākāsa) substance ?
Ans. That which provides accomodation to all other five substances is called space substance.

Q10. What are its types ?
Ans. Space is of two types.

  1. Universe space (lokākasa)
  2. Non-universe space (Alokākasa)

Q11. What is universe space (lokakasa) ?

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Q11. A space which can accomodate all the six sub-
stances (like creatures, matter, medium of mo-
tion, medium of rest and time) is called
universe space.

Q12. What is non-universe space (Alokākāsa) ?
Ans. A space where there is nothing except vaccum
is called non- universe space, or the space out
of the universe is called non- universe space.
There are no creatures, matter, medium of mo-
tion, medium of rest and time here.

Q13. Are the two parts of the space possible ?
Ans. Certainly not. The space is but a abysm sub-
stance. But its two parts are imaginary.

Q14. What is time (kala) substance ?
Ans. That which assists the continuity of substances
in their modification & movement is called time
substance.

Q15. What are its kinds ?
Ans. It is of two kinds

  1. Real time (Nischaya kāla)
  2. Conventional time (Vyavahar kala)

Q16. What is real time (nischaya kāla) ?
Ans. Gradual change in substance is called the real
time. Its main characteristic is vartana. The time
can’t be calculated. There is an existence of
time on every part of the universe space.

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Q17. What is conventional time (Vyavahara kala)
substance ?
Ans. Modification in other substances like hour,
minute, second, day, month, week and year
etc. is called conventional time.

Q18. If someone undergoes penance, or any
change may it be said that he/she has un-
dergone the medium of motion ?
Ans. No, here medium of motion (Dharma dravya)
deals with nothing but motion. It is not related
to religious activity howsoever.

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Part IInd

State of existence (Gati)

Q1. What is state of existence ?
Ans. State of existence is a sub type of physique
making karma. By the rise of physique making
(state of existence) karma a living being takes
birth amongst the infernal, the heavenly, the
sub-human and the human beings.

Q2. How many states of existence are there ?
What are these ?
Ans. There are four states of existence

  1. Infernal 2. Plants and animals (sub-human)
  2. Human beings 4. Celestial beings.

Q3. Cite the kind of transmigrating beings keep-
ing the state of existence in view.
Ans. Keeping the state of existence in view, the
transmigrating or mundane beings can be
divided into four catagories.

  1. Infernal beings 2. Sub-human beings.
    (Plants and animals) 3. Human beings 4.
    Celestial beings.

Q4. What is the infernal state of existence
(Naraka Gati) ?
Ans. There are seven hellish regions under this
earth known as nether region (namely 1 jewel
hued 2. Sugar-hued 3. Sand-hued 4. Mire-hued

  1. Smoke- hued 6. darkness-hued 7. pitchy
    darkness-hued) and the denizens of these
    regions are known as infernal beings who have
    to undergo excessive suffering. These hellish
    beings are five sensed rational beings. The
    minimum and maximum age of an infernal
    being is determined as ten thousand years and
    33 sagars.

Q5. What do you mean by sub-human state of
existence (tiryancha gati) ?
Ans. All the transmigrating mundane beings except
infernal, celestial and human are called sub-
human beings. And the state of existence of
these is called sub-human state of existence.

Q6. What do you know about the human state of
existence ?
Ans. The mundane beings like man, woman and
children are the examples of the human state
of existence. The human beings only can attain
emancipation through penance and meditation.
This is why human state of existence is con-
sidered to be the best one.

Q7. Explain the celestial state of existence
(Deva Gati) ?
Ans. Celestial beings do not have a body of flesh
and bones. They do not feel hunger or thirst for
ages. And when they feel, nectar drips from
their throat and eventually their thirst and
hunger is soothed then and there.

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They get the best things for their own use.
Whenever any human or animal after its
demise takes birth as a celestial beings, the
very transmigration of soul is called the celetial
state of existence. The minimum and maximum
age of celestial beings is determined as ten
thousand years and 33 Sagaras respectively.
These celestial beings take birth in the 16
heavens, the upper planes and other places as
well.

14

Sense Organs

Q1. What are sense organs ?
Ans. Sense organs are the parts of the body that
help us differentiating things on the basis of
their nature.

Q2. Tell the number and the names of the sense
organs.
Ans. 1. Touch (sparsana) 2. Tongue (Rasana) 3.
Nose (Ghrana) 4. Eye (Caksu) 5. Ear (Karna).

Q3. State the number and kinds of the beings
according to the sense organs.
Ans. According to the sense organs, beings can be
classified into five types.

  1. Having one sense organ
  2. Having two sense organs
  3. Having three sense organs
  4. Having four sense organs
  5. Having five sense organs

Q4. What is the sense organ of touch ?
Ans. An organ which help us in knowing about the
material things after touching, is called the
sense organ of touch e. g. light, heavy, hard,
soft, sharp, blunt, hot and cold etc.

Q5. What is the sense of tongue ?

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Q10. What is the sense organ of smell ?
Ans. The organ that help us in knowing about something by smelling is called the sense of smell e.g. scent and stink (bad smell).

Q11. What is the sense of sight (Eye)?
Ans. Sense of sight is one which help us in knowing through eye the colour of the objects by seeing e.g. red, green, yellow, blue and white by seeing.

Q12. What is the sense of hearing?
Ans. The sense organ that helps us to recognize something after hearing the sound is called the sense of hearing, e.g. sweet and harsh sound.

Q13. Grade the beings as per their sense organs.
Ans. Trees are having one sense organ.
Earthworms are having two sense organs.
Ant and bug are having three sense organs.
Fly, mosquito & bee are having four sense organs.
Elephant, horse, human beings, celestial beings and infernal beings are having five sense organs.

Q14. How many sense organs does the soul have?

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Ans. The soul is none of the sense organs. It has no fixed place. So it has no sense organ.

Q11. Name the beings that are absorbed in all the five senses separately.
Ans. 1. Elephant in sense of touch
2. Fish in taste
3. Bee in smell
4. Moths in sight
5. Deer in hearing
These creatures are absorbed (lost) in the respective senses separately. They till their own lives therein. Viz. infatuation.

Q12. What are your views about man who is lost in all the five senses?
Ans. The man who is lost in all the 5 senses will have to undergo the pangs of infernal life and the life of birds and animals.

17

Tortures (Kasaya) and Sin

Q1. What is torture?
Ans. That which causes suffering to the soul is called a torture.

Q2. Name the tortures.
Ans. Wrath (anger) 2. Vanity (Pride) 3. Deception 4. Temptation.

Q3. What is Warth (Anger)?
Ans. To loose temper or mental equilibrium is called wrath or anger. Intense anger is called warth.

Q4. What is vanity/pride?
Ans. To feel proud, egoistic or to give oneself to airs is called vanity.

Q5. What is deception or Fraud.
Ans. To cheat or deceive somebody is known as deception or deceit passion.

Q6. What is temptation?
Ans. To be greedy and to tend towards a certain thing beyond need is called temptation.

Q7. Which one torture of these is the best and how many of these do you have?

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Ans. None is good all the passions are the worst to the soul. Each one leads to pain and affliction. We have all of these. But all are harmful to the soul.

Q8. Which of the tortures do the Arhanta and Siddha have?
Ans. The Arhant and Siddha have no torture at all.

Q9. Are those who have passions, Gods?
Ans. No, They are not Gods.

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Sin (Papa)

Q1. What is sin?
Ans. Doing evil deeds is known as sins.

Q2. Name the kinds of sins?
Ans. Violence 2. Falsehood 3. Stealing 4. Unchastity(Profligacy) 5. Collection/hoarding.

Q3. What is violence sin?
Ans. To tease, to afflict, to beat, to kill and to speak evil words to any living being is called violence sin.

Q4. What is falsehood/lie?
Ans. To hide the truth is a lie or to speak false words or to describe something wrong is falsehood.

Q5. What is stealing/theft sin?
Ans. To take away or use a thing without the consent of its owner is called a theft sin.

Q6. What is a profligate or unchastity sin?
Ans. To see the mother or sister of any other man with mal deed or malice is called a profligate / vicious sin or Immodest conduct towards opposite sex persons with a feeling of cohabitation is unchastity.

Q7. What is accumulation/hoarding sin?
Ans. To collect all the material things such as money jewels, garments, utensils more than ones need is called the accumulation sin. e.g. A man

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needs two pairs of dresses only and he keeps 10 pair with him, this of course will be called a hoarding sin.

Q8. What does the sin lead to?
Ans. The outcome of committing sin is to take birth in the sub- human state of existence (triyancha gati) or infernal state of existence (Naraka gati).

21

MAIN QUALITIES OF THE PANCHA PARAMESTHI

Q1. What are the 46 main qualities of Tirthankara (Arihantas)?
Ans. The 46 main characteristics of Tirthankara are 34 redundants (Atisayas), 8(pratiharyas) and 4 infinites (Ananta).

Q2. What are the 34 redundants?
Ans. The 34 redundants are e.g. 10 redundants related to the time of birth, 10 related to the omniscience and 14 done by the heavenly gods.

Q3. What are the 10 related to the time of birth?
Ans. 1.Surpassingly beautiful countenance
2.Scented body
3.Feeling no sweat (No sweating in body)
4.Devoid of stool & urine
5.Benefactor meal mouthed/ (Benefaterous friendly orater)
6.Incomparable strength
7.Milk like white blood
8.Equiproportional constitution
9.Diamond bones structure adamantine
10.Presence of 1008 auspicious symptoms in body

Q4. What are the 10 redundants of omniscience?
Ans. 1. Being prosperity & plantifulness within a region of eight hundred miles as its radius. or 100 - 100 Yojanas all around
2. To travel in the space
3. People appearing of four faces from one face only.
4. There happens No injury nearby him. Having complete mercy.
5. Without portent (upsarga) No affliction of any kind (portent)
6. No morsel food taking
7. Being omniscient
8. No further growth of nails & hair
9. No winking of eyelids
10. No shadow formation of body

Q5. What are the 14 redundants performed by the heavenly gods or beings?
Ans. 1. Ardhamagadhi language
2. Mutual friendship
3. Being clear direction
4. Being a clear sky horizon.
5. Blossoming of flowers of all the six seasons altogether
6. The earth being mirrorlike

7. Construction of golden lotus beneath foot soles.
8. Hozza by deities in the sky (Huzza)
9. Blowing gentle cool air
10. Scented raining
11. The land devoid of nails and throns
12. All the creatures feeling ecstasy
13. Proceeding of the religious wheel
14. Existence of the eight fold auspicious commodities.

Q6. What are auspicious commodities (mangala drawyay)?
Ans. 1. Umbrella (Chhatra)
2. Bell and vase (Ghanta, Kalasa)
3. A whisk made of silver threads with silver handle.(Chanwara)
4. A round shaped pot used for water and sandal (Jhari)
5. Religious flag (Dhwaja)
6. Fan (Pankha)
7. Fyifor (Swastika)
8. Mirror (Darpana)

Q7. What are the eight pratiharyas?
Ans. 1. Ashoka tree
2. Throne
3. Three umbrellas (Chhatra)

4. Halo-circle of effulgence around the head of the Arihant (Bhamandala)
5. Eternal voice or ‘OM’ Divine letterless speech or sound Divya Dhwani)
6. Showering of flowers by deities
7. A fan like thing made of silk with silver handle always used to give honour to elders (Chanwara)
8. Musical instruments played by deities.

Q8. What are the four eternal quadri compacts or infinitudes?
Ans. 1. Infinite perception
2. Infinite knowledge
3. Infinite bliss happiness
4. Infinite valour

Q9. Which quality of Arihanta paramesthi is manifested by the loss of a certain deed? Name the deed also.
Ans. The quality of (i) Infinite knowledge - by the loss of knowledge blockade (ii) Infinite perception by the loss of perception blockade (iii) Infinite bliss by the loss of delusion and enchantment and (iv) Limitless valour by the loss of obstructions.

Q10. What is the difference between the Arihanta God and the kewali God?
Ans. There is no difference between the Arihant God and the kewali God. Both are synonyms

Q11. What is the difference between a Tirthankara and an Arihant?
Ans. A Tirthankara has 46 main qualities. But Arihanta does not have all the 46 main qualities.
There are many Arihant omniscient Gods but Tirthankaras are only twenty four. Those who are Tirthankara are Arihant also, but Arihanta may or may not be a Tirthankara.

Q12. Within whom does the eternal voice rise?
Ans. It is not a hard and fast rule that Arihanta kewali has Divine (letterless) sound (Divya Dhwani) but those who are Arihanta Tirthankara have Divine (letterless) sound (Divya Dhwani) undoubtedly.

Q13. Is there any other difference between the Arihanta and the Tirthankara?
Ans. Yes, of course there are - i.e.

  1. When the Tirthankara God comes into the womb, the mother witnesses 16 dreams.
  2. The Tirthankara has the opportunity of auspicious occasions (kalyanaka) but the Arihanta does not have so.

Q14. Name the 16 dreams which are seen by Tirthankara’s mother?
Ans. 1. Elephant
2. Lion
3. Bull or ox.

4. The Goddess of wealth taking bath with vases
5. Two garlands
6. The Rising sun
7. The Moon
8. A pair of fish
9. Two filled vases
10. Pond with lotuses
11. The sea
12. Throne
13. Plane of heavenly beings
14. Plane of Dharmendra (one of the heavenly being proper noun)
15. Heap of jewels.
16. Smokeless fire

Q15. What are the five auspicious occasions?
Ans. Five auspicious occasions are the occasions when the tirthankaras (i) Conceive (ii) take birth (iii) asceticise (iv) gain infinite knowledge (v) get salvation.

Q16. Which are the 18 demerits does the Arihanta God not have?
Ans. The following 18 demerits are not found in Arihanta God.

  1. Birth
  2. Old age
  3. Thirst
  4. Arrogance
  5. Delusion
  6. Tear

Part IInd

  1. Hunger

  2. Astonishment

  3. Affliction

  4. Sorrow

  5. Diseases

  6. Grief

  7. Sleep

  8. Anxiety

  9. Sweat

  10. Love

  11. Hatred

  12. Death

Q17. What are the 8 main attributes of Siddha God ?

Ans.

  1. Right Belief
    (Samyaktva)

  2. Infinite knowledge

  3. Excessive Pleasure

  4. Infinite valour

  5. Acuteness (Sukshys Matra)

  6. Penetration (Awaga Hava)

  7. Intervene

  8. Infinite Perception

  9. Ksayika Samyaktva

  10. Ananta Jyan

  11. Infinite Happiness (Bliss)

  12. Anant Sakti

  13. Sukshmatva

  14. Avagahantva

  15. Agurulaghutva

  16. Avyabadhatva

Q18. Which qualities of Siddha paramesthi are manifested by destruction of karmas?

Ans. The qualities of (i) infinite knowledge by the destruction of knowledge obscuring (ii) Infinite perception by destruction of perception obscur- ing (iii) Right Belief by, destruction faith delud- ing karma (iv) Limitless valour by destruction

Part IInd

of obstructing karma. (v) Penetration by the loss of life determining (vi) Acuteness by the loss of name determining (physique making) (vii) Intervening by loss of status determining and (viii) Undisturbability (ix) Infinite Bliss by the loss of conduct deluding karma.

Q19. What are the 36 main qualities of the Acharya paramesthi ?

Ans. 12 Penances, 10 characteristics of soul (religion) 5 fivefold conducts, 6 Essential duties.
3. Process of curbing activities of body, speech and mind (gupti) are the 36 main peculiarities of the Ahcarya paramesthi.

Q20. What are 12 penances ?

Ans. 1. Fasting.
2. Reduced diet
3. Special restriction for begging food.
4. Giving up delicious food
5. Using cushions neither for sitting nor for sleeping.
6. Mortification of the body
7. Expiation
8. Reverence
9. Serving others
10. Study
11. Renunciation

Part IInd

  1. Meditation

Q21. What are the 5 fivefold conducts (ahcara) ?

Ans. Conduct of faith
Conduct of knowledge
Conduct of austerity
Conduct of character
Conduct of strength

Q22. What are the 6 Essential Duties ?

Ans. 1. Equanimity 2. Prayer
3. Praise 4. Criticizing self for faults
5. Self study 6 Devoid of bodily pleasure.

Q23. What are the 3 processes of curbing activities ?

Ans. 1. Mind control
2. Body control
3. Speech control

Q24. What are the 25 qualities of Upadhyaya paramesthi ?

Ans. Possessing and imparting to others the knowledge of 11 Angas & 14 purvas are the 25 characteristics of Upadhyaya paramesthi.

Q25. Name the 11 Angas (scripture) ?

Ans. 1. Conduct Volume (Acharanga)
2. Decision making volume (Sutrakranga)
3. Ascending places volume (Sthananga)
4. Concomitance volume (Samavayanga)

Part IInd

  1. Problem elaborations volume (Vyaktya Pragyapti)
  2. Discription of tales & Myths (Gyat Katranga)
  3. 4 stages of jain follower (Upasakadhyananga)
  4. Gaining knowledge descriptions of the ways in- finite obstacles (Antakrata kewali) (Antkrasanga)
  5. Discription of saints who took birth in the five celestial planes above the 16 heavens after overcoming several obstructions - (Anuttaropapadikasanga).
    10 Question volume (Prasna Vyakarananga)
  6. Outcome of holy and unholy deeds - (Vipaka Sutranga)

Q26. Name the 14 Purvas.

Ans. 1. Volume containing the descriptions of original existence and destruction (Utpada Purva)
2. Knowledge of things (Agrayani Purva)
3. Power (austerity, region, or area, thought, self, Vinyance Pravada Purva)
4. Existence and non existence of animate and inanimate (Astinasil pravada Purva)
5. Five knowledges on cognnizances and three ignorances (Gyanpravada Purva)
6. 10 true statements (Satyapravada Purva)
7. Soul (Atmapravada Purva)
8. 93 deeds karma (Karma pravada Purva)
9. Attainment (Vidyanuvada Purva)
10. Abstennance (Pratyakhyana Purva)

Part IInd

  1. Five fold auspicious occasions (Kayanavada Purva)
  2. Therapeutics (Pranavaya Purva)
  3. 72 skills and metre (kriya visala Purva)
  4. Attainment of salvation and its pleasure (Lokabindusara Purva)

Q27. What are the 28 characteristics of Digamber Monk paramesthi ?

Ans. 5 great vows, 5 regulating (violence less) ac- tivities, 5 sense controls, 6 requisites or essential duties and 7 other remaining characteristics.

Q28. Name the five fold great vows.

Ans. 1. Non violence 2. Truth
3. Non stealing 4. Chastity
5. Non attachment

Q29. Name the 5 regulating activities ?

Ans. 1. walking 2. Speech
3. Eating 4. Lifting and laying down
5. Depositing waste products.

Q30. What is the five fold sense control ?

Ans. To have a control over the five sense organs i.e. touch taste, smell, sight and hearing is called the five fold sense control.

Q31. What are the six requisites ?

Ans. 1. Equanimity 2. Prayer
3. Praise 4. Criticizing self

Part IInd

  1. Self study 6. devoid of bodily pleasure

Q32. What are the 7 remaining qualities ?

Ans. 1. Uprooting the hair
2. To remain nude or naked
3. Not to take bath
4. To sleep on floor (land)
5. Not brushing the teeth
6. Taking food in hands in standing position
7. Taking food only once a day.

Q33. How may characteristics do the pancha paramesthis have in all ?

Ans. Pancha paramesthis has 143 characteristics in all. Arihanta 46
Siddha 08
Acharya 36
Upadhyaya 25
Sadhu 28

Q34. Though Siddha God is greater yet Arihanta God is remembered first. Why ?

Ans. The Arihanta God preaches the living beings how to attain the salvation,so he being a wel- fare/auspicious seeker is adored first.

Q35. How many of the 46 main qualities of Arihanta God are dependent on the soul ?

प्रश्नोत्तर

Ans. The 4 qualities out of 46 main qualities of Arihanta God are dependent on the soul.
Q36. Name the qualities that depend on the soul.
Ans. 1. Infinite Perception
2. Infinite knowledge
3. Infinite Bliss
4. Infinite strength are the qualities that depend on the soul

PART - III

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